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Abstract • Chapter 1. Introduction • Problems • Aims • Methods • Structure of the Study • Chapter 2. Ice-Dammed Lakes and Jökulhlaups • 2.1 Classification of Ice-Dammed Lakes • 2.2 Mode of Drainage and Outburst Mechanisms • 2,3 Hydrographs of Jökulhlaups • 2.4 Occurrence and Distribution • Chapter 3. Altai Mountains • 3.1 Location and Geology • 3.2 Current Climate • 3.3 Quaternary of Altai Mountains • Chapter 4. Evidence of Jökulhlaups in the Altai Mountains • 4.1 Previous Studies and Reviews • 4.2 Flood-Related Features • 4.2.1 Lake Sediments and Shorelines • 4.2.2 Ice Dam and Failure Mechanism • 4.2.3 Giant Bars and Indication of Flow Conditions • 4.2.4 Secondary Lakes • 4.2.5 Gravel Dunes • 4.2.6 Erosional Forms • 4.2.7 Boulder Deposits • 4.3 Criticism on Occurrence of Jökulhlaups in the Altai Mountains • 4.4 Open Questions • Chapter 5. Reconstruction of the Floods • 5.1 Uniform Flow Calculation • 5.1.1 Introduction • 5.1.2 Hydraulic Background • 5.1.3 Data from the Altai Mountains • 5.1.4 Paleohydraulic Calculations • 5.1.5 Discussion • 5.2 Flow Calculation by HEC-RAS • 5.2.1 Introduction • 5.2.2 Hydraulics • 5.2.3 Paleostage Indicators • 5.2.4 Paleohydraulic Calculation • 5.2.4.1 Previous water level calculations of Pleistocene outburst floods • 5.2.4.2 Previous water profile calculations for the flood in the Altai Mountains • 5.2.4.3 Calculations for mixed flow regime • 5.2.5 Discussion • 5.3 Velocity Head Calculations using Run-Up Sediments • 5.3.1 Introduction • 5.3.2 Hydraulics • 5.3.3 Run-Up Sediments in Chuja and Katun Valley • 5.3.4 Paleohydraulic Calculation • 5.3.5 Discussion • 5.4 Correlation of Lake Volume and Peak Discharge • 5.4.1 Introduction • 5.4.2 Hydraulics • 5.4.3 Volume of Ice-Dammed Lake • 5.4.4 Paleohydraulic Calculation • 5.4.5 Discussion • 5.5 Boulder Transport • 5.5.1 Introduction • 5.5.2 Hydraulic Background • 5.5.3 Boulders near Inja Village • 5.5.4 Paleohydraulic Calculations • 5.5.5 Discussion • 5.6 Gravel dunes • 5.6.1 Introduction • 5.6.2 Hydraulic Background • 5.6.3 Dune Data for Paleohydraulic Reconstruction • 5.6.4 Paleohydraulic Calculations • 5.6.5 Discussion • 5.7 Obstacle marks • 5.7.1 Introduction • 5.7.2 Hydraulic Background • 5.7.2.1 Submerged obstacles • 5.7.2.2 Bridge piers • 5.7.3 Examples of Obstacle Marks in Chuja and Katun Valleys • 5.7.3 Paleohydraulic Calculations • 5.7.3 Discussion • Chapter 6. Review of Dynamics of the Altai Jökulhlaups • Acknowledgments • Appendices: Table A1. Location and Characteristics of Flood Features • Table A2. Bar Surfaces and Levels from Topographic Maps • References Cited 

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